英語(yǔ)，對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是一門(mén)外語(yǔ)，從認(rèn)識(shí)ABCD開(kāi)始，到熟練掌握，再到靈活應(yīng)用、與母語(yǔ)無(wú)異，這中間不知要付出多少努力。我們今天來(lái)了解一下學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的這幾個(gè)級(jí)別用英語(yǔ)怎么表達(dá)。

按從低級(jí)到高級(jí)的順序介紹：

1. 不會(huì)說(shuō)：

（1）can't speak:

例：

Several children in the class can't speak English.（班上一些學(xué)生不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。）

（2）don't speak a word of...:

例：

I don't speak a word of French.（法語(yǔ)我一點(diǎn)不會(huì)。）

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2. 只知道一點(diǎn)：

（1）know a few words: to be able to speak a few words of a language只會(huì)講一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)某種語(yǔ)言

例：

''Do you speak Korean?'' ''I only know a few words.''（-你會(huì)講韓語(yǔ)嗎？ -只會(huì)講一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。）

I used to know a few words of German but I've forgotten them all.（我以前會(huì)講一點(diǎn)德語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)忘光了。）

（2）broken English/ French etc.: English, French etc. that is spoken slowly and badly by someone who only knows a little of the language 某種語(yǔ)言講得很爛

例：

The two students, one Chinese, the other Greek, communicated in broken English.（一個(gè)中國(guó)學(xué)生和一個(gè)希臘學(xué)生，用蹩腳的英語(yǔ)交談。）

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3. 沒(méi)有掌握很多，但掌握了一些常用說(shuō)法：

have a smattering of : to be able to speak a small but useful amount of a language （smatter：一知半解）

例：

Martin is fluent in French, and also has a smattering of Swedish.（馬丁法語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很流利，并且瑞典語(yǔ)也能說(shuō)一些常用的。）

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4. 掌握一門(mén)語(yǔ)言，可以用它進(jìn)行日常對(duì)話（討價(jià)還價(jià)、求助等等）：

get by: to speak enough of a language to be able to buy things, ask for help etc.

例：

He went to Tokyo and within a few weeks knew enough Japanese to get by.（到了東京，他花了幾周時(shí)間，就掌握了基本的日語(yǔ)，可以進(jìn)行日常對(duì)話了。）

備注：

''get by''的原意是''to have enough money to buy the things you need, but no more''（只夠支付日常開(kāi)銷，無(wú)剩余）

如：I don't earn a huge salary, but we get by.（我工資不高，但也夠我們?nèi)粘ｉ_(kāi)銷。）

這里引申到語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中。

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5. 掌握一門(mén)語(yǔ)言，聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀都沒(méi)問(wèn)題：

know: to be able to speak, read and understand some of a particular foreign language

例：

I know enough Italian to travel around there.（我意大利語(yǔ)已經(jīng)很好了，在意大利旅行沒(méi)問(wèn)題。）

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6. 流利：

fluent: very good at speaking a foreign language, so that you can speak it quickly without stopping and you can understand it very well

例：

Applicants should be fluent in Cantonese.（申請(qǐng)者要求粵語(yǔ)流利。）

Ann speaks fluent Italian.（安的意大利語(yǔ)很流利。）

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7. 以該語(yǔ)言作為母語(yǔ)的人士：

native speaker: learned a particular language as their first language as a child

例：

One of my best dreams is to speak English as a native speaker.（我最大的愿望，就是把英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得跟老外一樣好。）

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8. 除了英語(yǔ)，還掌握其他語(yǔ)言：

（1）掌握兩種語(yǔ)言：bilingual：able to speak two languages very well

例：

These kids are bilingual.（這些孩子能講兩種語(yǔ)言。）

Louis is virtually bilingual in Dutch and German.（路易斯差不多荷蘭語(yǔ)、德語(yǔ)都能說(shuō)。）

（2）掌握多種語(yǔ)言：multilingual：able to speak several languages very well

例：

Many people who work at the European Parliament are multilingual.（歐洲議會(huì)的許多工作人員都掌握了多國(guó)語(yǔ)言。）