時態(tài)是英語中謂語動詞所表示的動作或情況發(fā)生時間的各種形式,是各級各類考試的必考內(nèi)容?;旧厦總€完整的子句都有一個動詞,要表示第二個動作時可使用不定詞、動名詞、對等連接詞、從屬連接詞或增加子句等方法連結(jié)。而在英語中根據(jù)時間和動作的種類,動詞又分為了多種時態(tài)。????舉例英語常見的特殊時態(tài)表達現(xiàn)象:
1、在see to it,make sure,make certain,be sure,look out,take care等之后的從句要用一般現(xiàn)在(過去、現(xiàn)在完成)時代替一般將來(過去將來、將來完成)時。
You must make sure the door is closed before you leave the lab.??? /??? See to it that everything is OK.
2、既定的時間如生日、日歷、課時安排、交通時刻表等,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來動作。
The meeting starts at five o'clock.?? /???? The train leaves at three this afternoon.
3、在賓語從句中,表示客觀事實或真理,一律用一般現(xiàn)在時。
The teacher taught us yesterday that the moon circles the earth.?? /?? Somebody told me that you are a writer.
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4、以Here或There開頭的句子,說明正在發(fā)生的動作,謂語動詞不用現(xiàn)在進行時,而用一般現(xiàn)在時。(其實就是倒裝句一種)
Here comes the bus!??? /?? There goes the bell!
5.在由as soon as,when,before,after,till等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句和由if,unless,as long as,in case等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句或在方式、讓步狀語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時,但主句用一般將來時。
If you come this afternoon,We'll have a meeting.??? /??? When you meet him,tell him to come to my place.
6、若句中帶有always,all the time,forever,constantly等詞或短語,用進行時表示一個頻繁發(fā)生的動作,表示說話人贊賞或厭惡等感情。
You are always forgtting the important things.? /??? He is constantly leaving his things behind.
7、某些詞,如come,go,leave,arrive,start等可用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來。
He is leaving tomorrow.??? /?? The visitors are arriving in a few minutes.
8、用表示意愿及精神狀態(tài)的動詞,反映的是說話者探詢的態(tài)度時,動詞用一般過去時表示一般現(xiàn)在時,顯得更加有禮貌。
You must make sure the door is closed before you leave the lab. / See to it that everything is OK.
9、在含有hardly/scarcely…when,no sooner…than結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中,主句用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時。(注意:主句一般倒裝)
Hardly had I entered the room,when I heard a loud noise.?? /?? No sooner had he reached the door than he came back.
10、在wish,would rather的賓語從句中和在as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,以及在It is time that…的定語從句中,謂語動詞用一般過去時說明現(xiàn)在的事情。如:
It's time you had a holiday.?? /?? He looks as if he were young.
11、表示和交待故事發(fā)生的背景情況等等。
One day Jones was walking along the street.? /? It was snowing as they made their way to the front.
12、與always,forever,constantly,continually,frequently等詞連用,表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的行為,往往帶有感情色彩。如:
My brother was always losing his key.?? /?? They were frequently quarrelling.
其實是英語動詞的時和體。時有現(xiàn)在、過去、將來和過去將來;體有一般、完成、進行和完成進行。而語態(tài)有2種,即主動和被動。以上只是主動,加上被動就更多了。
所有人都明白動詞的形式?jīng)Q定句式的時態(tài),充分的體現(xiàn)英語時態(tài)語態(tài)和動作的緊密聯(lián)系。掌握好動詞各種時態(tài)才算掌握英語的語法大的框架。
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