在英語學(xué)習中，關(guān)于比喻的修辭手法大致有四種，分別是明喻，暗喻，提喻以及借喻。學(xué)會這幾種比喻的修辭手法，對英語文章的寫作和英語閱讀理解大有幫助。

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首先是明喻（Simile）：

明喻是將具有共性的不同事物作對比。這種共性存在于人們的心里，而不是事物的自然屬性。

標志詞常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。通過明喻，作者能夠通過讀者熟悉的對象更加生動形象地了解不熟悉的對象，從而表達出作者的特定情感或者態(tài)度(mood or attitude)。請看以下例子：

Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit.

I wandered lonely as a cloud.

Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.

The check fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing.

He is in the kitchen like a duck to water.

He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.

I wandered lonely as a cloud.

Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.

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暗喻（Metaphor）

暗喻與明喻非常類似，也是講具有某個共同特征的兩個不同事物聯(lián)系在一起，但是不用as，as…as，as if，like，seem等的比喻詞。與明喻相似，隱喻能把描述的對象更形象的呈現(xiàn)給讀者。因為不使用比喻詞，所以通常我們會更加關(guān)注與隱喻背后的引申義，而不是僅僅是它的字面義。

Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

The sunshine of happiness is made up of very little beams.

Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.

借喻（Metonymy）：

以喻體來代替本體，本體和喻詞都不出現(xiàn)，直接把甲（本體）說成乙（喻體）。借喻由于只有喻體出現(xiàn)，所以能產(chǎn)生更加深厚、含蓄的表達效果，同時也使語言更加簡潔。

The kettle boils.水開了。

The room sat silent.全屋人安靜地坐著。

Lend me your ears, please.請聽我說。

a complete Shakespeare莎士比亞全集

I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.

我有力氣，他們就用我的力氣賺錢。

提喻（Synecdoche）

提喻用部分代替全體，或用全體代替部分，或特殊代替一般。

There are about 100 hands working in his factory.

他的廠里約有100名工人。

He is the Newton of this century.

他是本世紀的牛頓。

The fox goes very well with your cap.

這狐皮圍脖與你的帽子很相配。