定語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)系中常見的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式，它的功能是修飾名詞或代詞，其位置一般是緊接在先行詞緊后面。通常定語(yǔ)從句緊跟在先行詞之后，但在具體的運(yùn)用中，往往也出現(xiàn)有定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞被分隔的現(xiàn)象。有時(shí)是為了行文的需要，定語(yǔ)從句和它所修飾的先行詞被謂語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，第一后置定語(yǔ)等成分所分隔，有時(shí)是為了增加語(yǔ)言的靈活性和豐富性，在定語(yǔ)從句中經(jīng)常使用插入語(yǔ)，尤其是在關(guān)系詞和其引導(dǎo)的從句之間。

定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞分隔的形式

1、定語(yǔ)從句被謂語(yǔ)分隔

Many forms of apparatus? have been devised by which a more accurate knowledge of blood pressure? can be obtained .

人們已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)出許多醫(yī)療器械,通過(guò)這些醫(yī)療器械可以對(duì)血壓有一個(gè)更為精確的了解。

?注意：先行詞是apparatus被by which后面的定語(yǔ)從句修飾have been devised

分隔了先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句。

不分隔的語(yǔ)序是：Many forms of apparatus by which a more accurate knowledge of blood pressure can be obtained have been devised。顯然句子頭重腳輕，不符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

2、被狀語(yǔ)分隔

①Never say anything behind a person's back that you wouldn't say to his face當(dāng)面不愿說(shuō)的話，萬(wàn)不要在背后說(shuō)。

注意： 先行詞是anything定語(yǔ)從句that you wouldn't say to his face被狀語(yǔ)behind a person's back分隔。

②I remember viewing a half dozen men in a chair factory whose job was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result我記得曾在一家椅子廠見過(guò)六個(gè)工人他們的工作是將幾根鋼管彎曲并組成一把折椅。

注意：先行詞是menwhose job后面引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句被狀語(yǔ)in a chair factory所分隔。

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3、被補(bǔ)語(yǔ)分隔

The cook turned paleand asked the housemaid to shut the door who asked Brittleswho asked the tinkerwho pretended not to hear廚子的臉色變得蒼白，要女仆把門關(guān)上，女仆叫布立特爾關(guān)，立特爾又叫補(bǔ)鍋匠關(guān)而補(bǔ)鍋匠裝著沒(méi)聽見。

注意：先行詞是the housemaidwho asked后面引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾the housemaid定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞被補(bǔ)語(yǔ)to shut the door分隔。

4、被同位語(yǔ)分隔

One was a violent thunderstorm the worst I had ever seenwhich obscured? my objective有一次是暴風(fēng)驟雨猛烈的程度實(shí)為我平生所僅見。這陣暴風(fēng)雨遮住了我的目標(biāo)。

注意 ：先行詞是thunderstorm定語(yǔ)從句被the worst I had ever seen分隔。

5、被插入語(yǔ)分隔

Is there anyone you can think of who may know which hospital he was sent to你能不能想到有誰(shuí)可能知道他被送往哪一家醫(yī)院了

注意：先行詞是anyonewho后面引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句被you can think of分隔。

?6、被非從句定語(yǔ)分隔

①Singapore is at the start of a long roadalready well trodden in the westthat leads to such solutions as shelter and rest homes新加坡眼下正踏上一條西方國(guó)家早已走了很遠(yuǎn)的漫長(zhǎng)道路即最終建立收容所和休養(yǎng)院來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。

注意：先行詞roadthat leads后面的定語(yǔ)從句修飾road,被already well trodden in the west分隔。

②Does this mean that in time fish might learn to leave alone all food on hooks that they have seen before？這難道不就意味著魚兒很快就可能學(xué)會(huì)避開那些它們常見的魚鉤上的食物嗎 ？

注意：先行詞foodthat they have seen before定語(yǔ)從句被on hooks分隔。

7、先行詞所帶的非從句定語(yǔ)常需置于定語(yǔ)從句之前而造成先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句分隔

①There was something originalindependent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them 這個(gè)方案有創(chuàng)造性而且別出心裁又有魅力所以深得他們的喜歡。

注意：先行詞something非從句定語(yǔ)originalindependent and heroic about the plan位于定語(yǔ)從句that pleased all of them之前分隔了先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句。

②No doubt there are questions of principle nvolved which can not be ignored and underestimated無(wú)疑這里涉及人們不能忽視或低估的原則問(wèn)題。

注意：先行詞questionswhich can后面的定語(yǔ)從句被f principle involved分隔。

定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞分隔的原因

1、為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡避免“頭重腳輕”將定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞分隔例如

MrLeon said in the futurecomputer would be developed which would be small enough to carry in the pocket利昂先生說(shuō)將來(lái)會(huì)生產(chǎn)出小得可以放在口袋里的計(jì)算機(jī)。

2、為了突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)主句中的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)所表達(dá)的意義將定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞分隔例如

Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countrieswho will negotiate trade agreements ?with the respective governments中國(guó)已派出貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)前往非洲各國(guó)以便與這些國(guó)家的政府商談貿(mào)易協(xié)定。

英語(yǔ)句子中出現(xiàn)這種分隔現(xiàn)象的原因是主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)帶了過(guò)長(zhǎng)的修飾成份。為了照顧主句結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，就常常將主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)與其修飾成份隔開?，F(xiàn)將常見的幾種分隔式定語(yǔ)從句總結(jié)歸納如下，供教、學(xué)同鑒。