在英語(yǔ)閱讀中，我們時(shí)長(zhǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些句式冗長(zhǎng)機(jī)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)句文段，往往很難準(zhǔn)確的理解并翻譯出來(lái)。同時(shí)因?yàn)橹形暮陀⑽牡乃季S方式的區(qū)別，以及語(yǔ)法機(jī)構(gòu)的不同，導(dǎo)致閱讀表達(dá)的意思難以被表達(dá)出來(lái)。要想克服英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句的翻譯，不僅僅要擴(kuò)充詞匯量，更多的也需要語(yǔ)法知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)的積累。在英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的翻譯過(guò)程中,可以一般采取下列的方法。

1、句式轉(zhuǎn)換法

在翻譯過(guò)程中，選擇把目標(biāo)句式，復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句轉(zhuǎn)化成簡(jiǎn)單陳述句。原始句式雖然很長(zhǎng)，但是可以改成一般語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)最簡(jiǎn)單的幾個(gè)短句，保持語(yǔ)義基本不變，把一些連詞等等去掉，同時(shí)把一些詞語(yǔ)改換成近義詞、同義詞。改變英語(yǔ)用長(zhǎng)的句子表達(dá)比較復(fù)雜的概念,用漢語(yǔ)則不同改用若干短句,層次分明的闡述。在翻譯時(shí)候，注意英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)之間的差異,將英語(yǔ)的長(zhǎng)句肢解,翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句式。

In the process of translation, choose the target sentence, complex long sentences into simple statements. Although the original sentence pattern is very long, it can be changed to the simple sentence with the simplest grammatical structure, the basic semantic remains unchanged, the conjunctions and so on removed, and some words are changed into synonyms and synonyms. Change the length of the sentence with English to express more complex concepts, use different Chinese to use a number of phrases, structured explanation.

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2、邏輯順序法

不管是英文還是中文敘述，在闡述一個(gè)事物時(shí)候，按照一定的邏輯順序分步驟表達(dá)的，其中可能包含：動(dòng)作的先后，時(shí)間的先后，地點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)換、空間的轉(zhuǎn)換以及事實(shí)正常發(fā)展順序進(jìn)行陳述的。這些在中文習(xí)慣的表達(dá)方式里面也同樣存在，直接順從原文的意思逐步分情況表達(dá)即可。一般的事物發(fā)生發(fā)展的情況大致是類似的，按照事實(shí)存在的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系翻譯，不會(huì)出錯(cuò)。同時(shí)保持與原文內(nèi)容一致，不發(fā)生歧義符合中文表達(dá)習(xí)慣即可。

No matter English or Chinese narration, elaboration of a thing, according to a certain logical order, step by step expression, which may include: the movement of the first time, the place of conversion, spatial transformation and the normal development of the order of the truth . These expressions also exist in Chinese habits which also exist directly under the meaning of the original text can be divided into sub-conditions can be expressed. The general development of things is generally similar, according to the fact that the progressive relationship between translation, will not go wrong. At the same time keep consistent with the original content, there is no ambiguity in line with Chinese expression habits.

3、拆解分析法

英文和中文一樣有自己獨(dú)特的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，句式總是會(huì)有自己的一些固定表達(dá)或者固定搭配，英語(yǔ)句式長(zhǎng)的原因，一般是采用了復(fù)句或者從句，同時(shí)有關(guān)的形容詞、副詞狀語(yǔ)等等修飾成分比較多，再者含有并列的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。針對(duì)這樣的句式，需要把句子拆解。同時(shí)拆解句子要注意，首先把持句子的主干不變，句子的核心單獨(dú)拿出來(lái)保持語(yǔ)句成分完整，其余的部分定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句部分均可拆譯，翻譯時(shí)候符合中文表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

English and Chinese have their own unique grammatical structure, the sentence will always have some of their own fixed expression or fixed collocation, the reasons for the long sentence in English, the general is the use of complex or clause, and related adjectives, adverbial adverbs and so on More modified components, in addition to the syntax of the parallel structure. For such a sentence, the sentence needs to be dismantled. At the same time Super sister sentence should pay attention to, first of all, hold the backbone of the sentence unchanged, the core of the sentence separately to keep the sentence composition is complete, the rest of the attributive, adverbial, appositive, attributive clause, adverbial clause part can be translated, Chinese expression habits.

4、同位替換法

在英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句中,三個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),還有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,這三個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)盡管在結(jié)構(gòu)上同屬于同一個(gè)句子,但都有獨(dú)立的意義,因此在翻譯時(shí),可以采用分句法,按照漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣把整個(gè)句子轉(zhuǎn)化成幾個(gè)獨(dú)立的類似排比的句子，事實(shí)上,在翻譯一個(gè)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句時(shí),并不只是單純地使用一種翻譯方法,而是要求我們把各種方法綜合使用,這在我們上面所舉的例子中也有所體現(xiàn)

In English long sentences, there are three parallel predicate structures and one attributive clause. These three parallel predicate structures have independent meanings even though they all belong to the same sentence in structure, so they can be used in translation In fact, when translating an English long sentence, it is not merely to use a translation method, but to ask us to put all kinds of sentences into different kinds The method is used in combination, which is also reflected in our example above

以上幾點(diǎn)就是針對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中遇到長(zhǎng)句復(fù)雜句式翻譯的要點(diǎn)，畢竟翻譯是建立在一定的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)之上的，如果希望自己的翻譯富有內(nèi)涵或者有文采，那么就需要足夠的英語(yǔ)詞匯量和扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)，同時(shí)還需要有強(qiáng)烈的語(yǔ)感，這樣對(duì)于理解翻譯英文語(yǔ)句才是最有力的幫助。